| - 研究与试验发展(R&D)活动的国际比较 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| International Comparison of R&D Activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 项 目 | Item | 中 国 | 美 国 | 日 本 | 英 国 | 法 国 | 德 国 | 澳大利亚 | 加拿大 | 意大利 | 瑞 典 | 瑞 士 | 土耳其 | 奥地利 | 比利时 | 捷 克 | 丹 麦 | 韩 国 | 俄罗斯联邦 |
| | China | USA | Japan | UK | France | Germany | Australia | Canada | Italy | Sweden | Switzerland | Turkey | Austria | Belgium | Czech | Denmark | Korea | Russian |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Federation |
| 一、R&D人员 | R&D personnel | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **人力资源(千人) | Human Resources (**** persons) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) |
| 从事R&D活动人员 | R&D Personnel | ****** | | ***** | ***** | ***** | ***** | ***** | ***** | ***** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | ***** | ***** |
| #科学家工程师 | Scientists and Engineers | ****** | ****** | ***** | ***** | ***** | ***** | **** | ***** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | ***** | ***** |
| 每万人劳动力中从事R&D活动人员 | R&D Personnel in ***** Labor Forces | ** | | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | *** |
| #科学家工程师 | Scientists and Engineers | ** | ** | *** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | *** | ** | ** |
| **从事R&D活动人员按执行部门分(%) | R&D Personnel by Performing Sectors (%) | (****) | | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) |
| 企业部门 | Business Enterprise Sector | **** | | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** |
| 政府部门 | Government Sector | **** | | *** | *** | **** | **** | **** | *** | **** | *** | *** | **** | *** | *** | **** | *** | *** | **** |
| 高等教育部门 | Higher Education Sector | **** | | **** | | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** |
| 二、R&D经费 | R&D Funds | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **按经费来源分(%) | By sources of Funds (%) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) |
| 来源于企业资金 | Financed by Industry | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** |
| 来源于政府资金 | Financed by Government | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** |
| 来源于其他资金 | Financed by Other Sources | *** | *** | *** | **** | *** | *** | *** | **** | **** | **** | *** | *** | **** | **** | *** | **** | *** | *** |
| **按执行部门分(%) | By Performing Sector (%) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) |
| 企业部门 | Business Enterprise Sector | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** |
| 政府部门 | Government Sector | **** | **** | *** | *** | **** | **** | **** | *** | **** | *** | *** | **** | *** | *** | **** | *** | **** | **** |
| 高等教育部门 | Higher Education Sector | *** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | *** |
| 私人非营利部门 | Private Non*Profit Sector | | *** | *** | *** | *** | | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| **按研究类型分(%) | By types of Research (%) | (****) | (****) | (****) | | (****) | | (****) | | (****) | | (****) | | (****) | | (****) | (****) | (****) | (****) |
| 基础研究 | Basic Research | *** | ***** | ***** | | **** | | ***** | | ***** | | **** | | **** | | ***** | ***** | ***** | **** |
| 应用研究 | Applied Research | ***** | ***** | ***** | | ***** | | ***** | | **** | | ***** | | **** | | ***** | ***** | ***** | **** |
| 试验发展 | Experimental Development | ***** | ***** | ***** | | ***** | | ***** | | ***** | | ***** | | **** | | ***** | ***** | ***** | **** |